Beyond MoU: Opportunities for National Industry within Defence Cooperation

Forging formal defence agreements with other countries is one of the key steps that Jakarta must take to modernise the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) and advance the country’s domestic defence industry. Formal partnerships will provide clear and strong frameworks for Indonesia and its foreign partners to expand and deepen their defence cooperation at both the G2G and B2B levels. However, not all defence cooperation has been formalised, particularly at the strategic level, and/or has succeeded in encouraging more intense engagements. Therefore, it is important to discuss how Indonesia could establish its defence cooperation more effectively.